Problems that man has to face in next decade onwards

 By Diluksha rukmal (2021/07/27)

 Power and Energy

                The present world is highly dependent on petroleum oils as the main energy source which is non-renewable. In most countries, electricity is also produced by burning fossil fuels. But these fossil fuel deposits are rapidly decreasing and man has to have a proper alternate for that. Even many solutions exist for that but those solutions are not well applied for all. For example, someone can say nuclear power is the solution, we can produce efficient electric power. But nuclear waste is a problem and also people cannot change to electric cars directly. So what will happen to petroleum cars. Transportation will collapse in developing countries due to it. Man has to spend some lagging time period till all internal combustion engines are replaced with hybrid engines or an electric motor.

some suggestions to retain in this lagging time period,

# can investigate a way to produce petroleum oils to get the energy for petroleum vehicles in meantime.

# producing a device that powers up with electricity that can install in existing cars without replacing with electric cars.

These are not long time solutions. Only for sustain in that critical time range.

Moore's Law is Slowing

Moore's law says that the number of transistors in a single IC doubles every two years. It is exponential growth.

To increase the number of included transistors in IC, we have to decrease the size of the transistor(Basic unit of any IC). But the problem is that we cannot reduce the size of the transistor to less than 1 nm. It hits a physical limit that the depletion layer of the transistor less than that size cannot stop the flow of the electrons. So now the exponential growth of digital electronics is gradually decreasing and engineers have to consider other types of computers like Analog computers, hybrid computers, Quantum computers etc. But these also have so many problems. Analogue computers are faster in calculations but they are not much accurate and have low noise immunity. Quantum computers could not operate in normal conditions. They have to use under extreme conditions like in absolute zero temperature. So engineers should develop a proper method to overcome this crisis. Otherwise, computing power will not enough to satisfy the demand in the future.